6 ISOs/RTOs Covered

U.S. Grid Regions

Explore substation capacity and interconnection queue data across every major Independent System Operator and Regional Transmission Organization in the United States.

PJM

14 states

PJM Interconnection

PJM Interconnection is the largest RTO in North America, managing the grid across 13 states and D.C. Home to Data Center Alley in Northern Virginia—the world's largest concentration of data centers.

Capacity
185 GW
Interconnection
3-5 years
Power Cost
$0.08-0.12/kWh
Data Centers
2,500+
Northern VirginiaCentral OhioNew JerseyCentral Pennsylvania

ERCOT

1 states

Electric Reliability Council of Texas

ERCOT manages the Texas electrical grid, operating independently from the rest of North America. Known for deregulated markets, abundant renewables, and faster interconnection timelines.

Capacity
140 GW
Interconnection
12-24 months
Power Cost
$0.05-0.09/kWh
Data Centers
1,200+
Dallas-Fort WorthAustinHoustonWest Texas

CAISO

1 states

California Independent System Operator

CAISO manages California's grid, the largest state economy in the US. Known for aggressive renewable mandates, complex regulations, and high power costs but also strong demand from tech giants.

Capacity
80 GW
Interconnection
3-6 years
Power Cost
$0.12-0.20/kWh
Data Centers
800+
Silicon ValleyLos AngelesSacramentoCentral Valley

MISO

15 states

Midcontinent Independent System Operator

MISO manages the grid across 15 Midwest and Southern states, from Minnesota to Louisiana. Known for low power costs, abundant wind energy, and emerging data center markets.

Capacity
200 GW
Interconnection
2-4 years
Power Cost
$0.05-0.08/kWh
Data Centers
600+
Chicago SuburbsMinneapolisDes MoinesIndianapolis

NYISO

1 states

New York Independent System Operator

NYISO manages New York State's grid, from the dense load center of New York City to rural upstate regions. Known for high costs downstate, aggressive climate mandates, and strong financial services demand.

Capacity
42 GW
Interconnection
2-4 years
Power Cost
$0.10-0.18/kWh
Data Centers
350+
New York City MetroHudson ValleyBuffalo/RochesterCapital Region

ISO-NE

6 states

ISO New England

ISO-NE manages the grid across six New England states. Known for moderate costs, transmission constraints, strong biotech and tech demand, and limited new generation capacity.

Capacity
32 GW
Interconnection
3-5 years
Power Cost
$0.08-0.12/kWh
Data Centers
280+
Greater BostonConnecticutSouthern New HampshireRhode Island

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